The European Colonies In The Americas Were Built Upon The Backs Of The

The European colonies in the Americas were built upon the backs of the African slaves whose unpaid labor produced immense capital for Atlantic economies. Taken from their African homelands and thrust into the Americas, Black slaves labored under the hot Western sun to produce cash crops to add to the coffers of others. The slaves had no economic incentive to produce for their masters. To provide the necessary motivation, the slave masters relied above all on violence to coerce their slaves into labor. The slave trade and the production of cash crops created great wealth and was of great benefit to men on either side of the Atlantic, with the notable exception of the individuals who actually performed the labor. The history of Africans in the Americas is as much a history of slavery as it is a history of resistance to enslavement. From the moment they set foot on American soil, Africans plotted against their masters. Haiti and Brazil were two regions where slavery was as especially important as it was harsh. An African, upon touching Brazilian soil, had a life expectancy of sixteen years?eight years if he was sentenced carrying coffee. (Conrad 125) One third of all Haitian slaves died within several years. (Klubock) Both nations offer countless tales of Black resistance to White domination. Revolutionary action was often connected to religious practice, which slaves had to conduct in secret. African slaves also sought ways to maintain their African culture through secret dances and religious ceremonies, as well as the flight to mock African communities in the Americas to escape bondage. Manumission was also not uncommon as a relief from slavery. In Brazil, manumission was often purchased by a slave who had accumulated wealth on his own. Frequently these slaves were mulattos and more often than not women. In Haiti, children of the master, born of a slave concubine, were frequently manumitted. Haitian and Brazilian manumission created sizable populations of free blacks and mulattos, some of whom became very successful in Euro-American society.(Klubock) Though often temporary, another means of escaping slavery was to flee. Sometimes slaves left their plantations to participate in secret dances. Other slaves attempted permanent escape. As Conrad wrote, The problem of runaway slaves placed a permanent claim on the energies and assets of the slaveholding class (362). The escape of slaves from their plantations was a common event in Brazil. The rosters of most slave owners included runaways, and the metropolitan newspapers were rife with advertisements with descriptions of runaway slaves and offers of rewards. (Conrad 362, 111) Gathering together in the jungles of frontier Brazil, runaway slaves formed towns and villages called quilombos (Conrad 367). These quilombos became centers of African culture where African languages and customs predominated. As in Africa, quilombos were often governed by a king. And given enough time, authority in a quilombo could become hereditary. (Conrad 368) Operating autonomously, quilombos near Brazilian towns were often able to offer their services in exchange for goods. Such arrangements were conducted outside of Brazilian law and efforts were made on the part of the government to suppress these contacts and eliminate the quilombos.(Conrad 368) A Brazilian police report written in 1876 describes the commercial trade conducted between two quilombos and the city of Rio de Janeiro. In addition to supplying the residents of the quilombos with provisions and equipment, Brazilians from Rio de Janeiro always warned them when there was reason to suspect that the authorities were trying to capture them. In exchange, the members of the quilombos cut and loaded firewood for the Brazilians. (Conrad 386) Another document, written in 1854 by the British consul in Bel?m, Brazil, describes the members of a quilombo as industrious in the cultivation of rice, mandioca, and Indian corn, and in the manufacture of charcoal. The inhabitants of the quilombo also manufactured canoes and small sail boats for navigating the rivers of the Amazon Valley and carrying on trade. Their trading partners were the inferior class of tradesmen in the neighboring towns with whom the members of the quilombo traded for provisions and equipment. (Conrad 390) Despite the industriousness of many quilombos others relied on less productive means of procuring wealth. When they were located near plantations and settlements, quilombos frequently carried out

Free Essays on Marriage

â€Å"What does a Healthy Marital Relationship consist of?† Marriage and the Family Introduction Does anyone know what it means to have a healthy marital relationship? Does anyone know of anyone that has a good healthy marital relationship? This isn’t the question I should be asking, I know. The answer I would probably get would be â€Å"I know a person who knows a person who has a healthy marital relationship.† But more often than not we can think of more people that have bad relationships, because they are greater in numbers than the few good that have good relationships. I will be discussing: (1) what does a healthy martial relationship consist of, (2) what causes unhealthy relationships, (3) How to improve existing not so good relationships, so that they too can become healthy, (4) where people turn for help if they should need it, (5) how does the future look for couples and will they have healthy relationships? What does a Healthy Marital Relationship consist of? A healthy marital relationship consists of 15 basic traits. It’s important to remember that not all relationships have to have all of these traits to be healthy. If your relationship is missing a few traits, it doesn’t mean you have an unhealthy relationship. First, it’s important that partners are able to manage conflicts and differences without threats or losing hope in the matter. It’s also important for the partners to protect and nourish the relationship and to make it a priority. The couple should also be responsible for themselves as individuals, but at the same time they should not ignore the relationship. The couple should feel as individuals, arguments should never lead to abuse or threatened separation. Both individuals should be able to talk about each others wants, needs, feelings, and emotional issues with out feeling embarrassed about what the other person may think. There has to be unconditional love. If not unconditional l... Free Essays on Marriage Free Essays on Marriage Our society is very complex because there are different degrees of organization in it. One unit of organization is family. Families’ cornerstone is marriage. Marriage is one of the most beautiful and challenging relationships among humans. Over fifty percent of married couples get divorced. However mutual understanding, respect for each other, and a healthy social life can make marriage a lasting and happy experience. Mutual understanding is a key element for a successful marriage. Mutual understanding does not mean to agree on everything but to accept and recognize each other’s needs. For example, John needs more personal space then Wendoly does; however Wendoly agrees in spending time separately at least twice a week. In order for this agreement to work, John and Wendoly had to come to an agreement that satisfied both of them. When each partner gives a little in one direction or another, it helps to create harmony and mutual understanding that both parties are satisfied with. Though Wendolyn does not require as much personal space as John, it is apparent that she recognizes John’s need; this is important to the overall agreement. In a separate instance, John does not like to do house chores, but he recognizes how important it is to Wendoly to have a clean home. In an effort to come to a mutual understanding, he agrees to perform house chores at least once a week. Again, this is possible because John is able to recognize how important having a clean house is to Wendoly. Whether a couple is married or not every couple fights. Fighting or arguing is something that happens in all relationships, when people are living together it becomes extremely important that when they argue, they do it respectfully. Mutual respect for each other is what makes the deference. Respecting each other means that we should not use swear words or yell at one another. It might be difficult not to do these things if you are really u... Free Essays on Marriage Marriage Is It the Right Choice? In today’s society, marriage is a fundamental choice that people make in order to provide a secure and stable environment for their families. Marriage offers a more spiritual and healthier lifestyle, compared to the lifestyles of those who are unmarried. Marriage provides a more secure and stable environment for your children to grow up. There are many positive things in life to look forward to when a family is united, such as, birthdays, family reunions, sending the kids off to college, holidays, and the welcoming of a new baby. For instance, when comparing the lifestyles of men, women, and children of married families to that of the non-married, recent surveys and studies have shown that married men earn between 10 and 40 percent more than single men, with similar education and job history. Marriage also increases the likelihood that fathers will have better relationships with their children. Divorce and unmarried childbearing significantly increases poverty rates of both mothers and children. Between one-fifth and one-third of divorcing women, end up in poverty because of divorce. Married women also appear to have a lower risk of domestic violence than cohabiting or dating women. Even after controlling race, age, and education, people who cohabit are still three times more likely to report violent arguments. Since the beginning of our time, through religion, we have been taught that cohabiting was immoral, and that finding our soul mates and becoming married were our destiny. If we would like to be morally right for our faith and well-being, marriage is the beginning our lifelong journey. My argument is not to say that you are more likely to be immoral, if you are not married. However, you are definitely subjected to situations that are a lot more immoral and circumstantial. To conclude my argum... Free Essays on Marriage â€Å"What does a Healthy Marital Relationship consist of?† Marriage and the Family Introduction Does anyone know what it means to have a healthy marital relationship? Does anyone know of anyone that has a good healthy marital relationship? This isn’t the question I should be asking, I know. The answer I would probably get would be â€Å"I know a person who knows a person who has a healthy marital relationship.† But more often than not we can think of more people that have bad relationships, because they are greater in numbers than the few good that have good relationships. I will be discussing: (1) what does a healthy martial relationship consist of, (2) what causes unhealthy relationships, (3) How to improve existing not so good relationships, so that they too can become healthy, (4) where people turn for help if they should need it, (5) how does the future look for couples and will they have healthy relationships? What does a Healthy Marital Relationship consist of? A healthy marital relationship consists of 15 basic traits. It’s important to remember that not all relationships have to have all of these traits to be healthy. If your relationship is missing a few traits, it doesn’t mean you have an unhealthy relationship. First, it’s important that partners are able to manage conflicts and differences without threats or losing hope in the matter. It’s also important for the partners to protect and nourish the relationship and to make it a priority. The couple should also be responsible for themselves as individuals, but at the same time they should not ignore the relationship. The couple should feel as individuals, arguments should never lead to abuse or threatened separation. Both individuals should be able to talk about each others wants, needs, feelings, and emotional issues with out feeling embarrassed about what the other person may think. There has to be unconditional love. If not unconditional l... Free Essays on Marriage They say â€Å"Your life will never be the same once you walk down the isle and say your I Do’s†. I think that they are right. However, I find it interesting that when some people make this statement they are trying to tell you how wonderful life is about to become and on the other hand, there are people who mutter these exact same words and it seems like it is some kind of code for â€Å"run for your life†. I’ve only been married for a short time, but I’ve been in a marriage-like relationship for nearly seven years. In these years, I’ve notices a lot of really good things about being in such a committed relationship. You develop a sense of security somewhere along the way, unlike any you’ve ever had. Like there is someone there that you can count on for any and everything. It’s not only an emotional security, but a physical and financial one as well. You now have that financial back-up just incase you fall on hard times. Not to mention, if you need to work less so you can find yourself or go back to college, you can do that and still make the rent. I’ve come to realize that my husband really is my best friend. I can share all my thoughts and feelings with him, no matter what they are, even if they are about him. I feel like it is thee most honest relationship two people could have and I’ve never felt so comfortable with another person or even myself for that matter. It’s just nice to know that you don’t have to be alone. There are a lot of other perks to being married; Holidays seem to have a new special meaning, it’s like having a â€Å"perma-date† (you never have worry about finding a date), you get a larger income tax refund, more financial aid for school if you choose to go, a better health insurance plan, and best of all, some really nice rings. Of course, like all other things, there are disadvantages to the married life. When you get married, you money in no longer your money, it’s â€Å"our money† a.... Free Essays on Marriage I’m sure you agree that marriage is a commitment. It is a very important decision that a couple has to stick with for the rest of their lives, through good times and bad. It is a sacred promise that would not be fulfilled until death, hence the line â€Å"Till death do us part†. Marriage offers a life of love and happiness but it also will hand you a share of conflicts, hard work and worries. That is why there are three important points you need to remember and have when you decide to enter marriage. These are 1) Human Maturity, 2) Value Clarification, and 3) Authentic Love. You need human maturity before entering marriage. Human Maturity refers to a person’s self-esteem. You have achieved human maturity when you are able to stand alone on your own two feet and have a sense of self. Knowing who you are and being confident in your own skin enables you to devote and offer your entire self to your partner without having any doubts. It also lets you and your partner get to know each other completely and when you know each other that much, you are able to truly trust each other. Lack of human maturity often leads to insecurities, jealousy and lost of trust. Now, you wouldn’t want that in your marriage, would you? The second requirement is value clarification. This means that one has to have a set of priorities and principles. You must know what you want and where you stand and you must be able to share these with your partner so that you two would be able to work on how you would put these priorities and principles into practice. Value clarification gives your marriage a direction. Some think that having a partner with the same set of values as theirs is important. It is good to have a partner having similar values as you but it isn’t necessarily important because if you love each other enough, you two would be able to compromise and work things out on what is best for each other. The last of the three points is authentic ... Free Essays on Marriage Even though the marriages on TV are very different from marriages in real life, there are some similarities that are present, and these similarities are what tie the "non-realistic" to the "realistic," and make these kinds of shows popular and appealing. Marriage in this type of show specifically, is almost portrayed as a joke. It seems that most every character in the sitcom has been with one another more than just once, and having a marriage that lasts is rarely seen. Once a couple does decide to get married the drama begins, and does not stop until the wedding; you have bitter ex’s trying to get their old flings back, parents who do not agree with the marriage, brothers and sisters fighting over the soon to be spouse, the couple themselves fighting due to the old flings that appear, and most dramatic, the ones who come forward about the cheating or dishonesty on the day of the wedding. Beyond the obvious soap opera clichà ©, if a marriage does continue on, it is an extremely sweet one, the characters seem to be in love, and the show makes a connection to the people who watch it. Most every person longs for love, and if they have not found it yet, there is a sense of completion, in their eyes once they see the commitment made. It seems that the couple’s love for one another will go on forever, but the truth of the matter, is that it is a TV show and the audience wants to see drama. Since I would assume, most people have not slept with just about everyone in town, or have not married their ex’s father or mother, or their ex’s brother or sister, and the ways of deception just go on and on, especially in the TV world. When the audience sees this, they see the couple not lasting for more than a month, they see them trying to hurt each other, and in the end, they break off their â€Å"perfect match.† In doing so, this fulfills the audience’s need for deception, betrayal, and deceit but, still gives them a since of stabili...

Discussion Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 37

Discussion - Coursework Example For the cost minimization situation of the firm is to choose a combination of input resources suitable for the desired output production that has the least cost. A production c minimizing input equation is a point on the isoquant for the given production function that is on the lowest point of the isocost line. The cost is minimal when the input combination is optimal. In the case of McDonalds, the choice of taking up automation is related to the increase in wages. An increase in wages results to an increase in the cost of production. For McDonalds to have the minimal input combination it is advisable to adopt automation, which will reduce the input cost, since the automation will be more accurate in taking orders and there is no fatigue so the service is executed evenly throughout the day. In addition, costs attributed to labor such as holiday leave or medical insurance will be removed. Therefore, an increase in wages will increase the output production cost, for MacDonalds to operate at the minimal cost it will take the lowest optimal point on the isocost and isoquant curve. This suggests that it must adopt automation to reduce the production cost to the

Persuasive Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Persuasive Letter - Essay Example The society has suffered both social and economic losses given that human health, property, infrastructure as well as various aspects of the economy such as agriculture have been made untenable due to the harsh weather conditions. As of this moment, the WHO in conjunction with several governments continues to report high incidence of heat and cold related diseases. Moreover, developing nations whose citizenry depend on natural resources for income, have found it hard to earn a living. In as much as the advancements brought about by the past and current generations have made our way of life simpler, some of them have caused environmental degradation. This has in turn resulted into climate change. One reality that the current generation should not turn a deaf ear on is the fact that we have our ancestors to thank for subjecting the environment to wise use during their lifetime. As that has enabled us to make something out for ourselves. From where I sit, I presume true the fact that for us to hand over an intact world to the future generations, then we have to adjust our way of life. Moreover, every person within the world should make sacrifices for the adjustments to bring about considerable effect. Some of the sacrifices for example will require that we not only recycle but also reuse some of the local materials such as paper, plastic, cardboard, aluminum among others (Tokar 55). Similarly, we need to reduce the amount of energy that we consume as we spend many n atural resources in producing the energy, and too much production will exhaust the natural resources. In order to reduce the consequences of climate change, we will need to employ the use of ecofriendly cleaning products, and not those that lead to emission of poisonous materials that lead to the erosion of the ozone layer. At the same time, we should change our eating habits and prepare

Types of Essay and Examples Essay Example for Free

Types of Essay and Examples Essay The Expository Essay The main function of the expository essay is to explain, or to acquaint your reader with something; it can be used to describe, explain or present some information. In order to write an expository essay, preparation and background research will be required. This will arm you with facts and information that will be subsequently conveyed to your reader. Expository writing will also require you to show understanding of the chosen topic – this is why many professors and tutors choose this essay type to check how well a student has mastered a given topic. In their most common form, expository essays will take about 5 paragraphs; however, classes and instructors may require them to be larger in size. No matter the size, an essay should at all times include an introduction and a conclusion – the body length may vary. The Persuasive Essay If you have to persuade your reader about something, your essay becomes a persuasive one. With this type of writing you will need not only to prove your point, but will also have to persuade your opposition that your viewpoint is logical and well founded, and thus – better. In this case, you are no longer merely showing what you know; you are convincing the reader that you are correct in your viewpoint. In order to write this kind of essay it is important to prepare in advance by choosing a side, making a case for it, anticipating alternative arguments and finding ways how to refute them. You must be aware of other sides of the argument and be fair to them; dismissing them completely will weaken your own argument. It is always best to take a side that you believe in, preferably with the most supporting evidence. It can often be educational to adopt a different position from what you might normally choose (debating requires this kind of flexibility). The Informal Essay The informal essay is a type of essay written mainly for enjoyment. This is not to say that it cannot be informative or persuasive; however, it is a less formal statement with a more relaxed expression of opinion, observation or humor. A good informal essay has a relaxed style but retains a strong structure, though the structure may be less rigid than a formal paper. The informal essay tends to be more personal than the formal, even though both may express subjective opinions. In a formal essay the writer is in a silent presence behind the words, while in an informal essay the writer is speaking directly to the reader in a conversational manner. If you are writing informally, try to maintain a sense of your own personality. Do not worry about sounding academic, but make sure you avoid sloppiness. Explaining Writing or Concept Essay Explaining essays inform the reader about something they don’t know.These are essays that teach, so you will often find this sort of writing in textbooks, instruction manuals and any information source online.Your purpose in this essay is to inform your readers about an aspect of a concept they may not know about or have thought about before. These sorts of essays may explain and event, explain a cause, or explain what or who. See my other hubs for information on event and cause essays. The Review A review may be either formal or informal, depending on the context. Its goal is to evaluate a specific piece, perhaps a novel or movie. This implies that the reviewers personal opinion plays a significant role in the process. Despite a degree of subjectivity, a certain objective standard needs to be maintained and, as in a persuasive essay, your assertions need to be proved. The formality of the review will be determined by how much of the essay is analysis, how much is summary, and how much is your reaction to the work you are reviewing. A more formal review will not only discuss the work or its own merits but will also place it in context. Newspapers and popular magazines tend to review in terms of finance, e.g. is this record or film worth spending money on? Critical journals will attempt to determine whether a new novel or play has achieved something new and significant. A good review will discuss both these qualities and the importance of a given work. The Research Essay The research essay leads you into the works of others and asks you to compare their thoughts with your own. Writing a research paper involves going to source material and synthesizing what you learned from it with your own ideas. You must find texts on the subject and use them to support the topic you have been given to explore. Since it is easy to become lost in a wilderness of outside material, you must take particular care in narrowing your topic. The greatest inherent danger in the research essay is plagiarism. If your paper consists of a string of quotations or paraphrases with little input of your own, you are not synthesizing but copying, and you should expect a low grade. If any of the borrowings are unacknowledged, you are plagiarizing and the penalties are severe. The Literary Essay In the literary essay, you are exploring the meaning and construction of a piece of literature. This task is more complicated than reviewing, though the two are similarly evaluative. In a review you are discussing the overall effect and validity of a work, while in a literary essay you are paying greater attention to specifics. A literary essay focuses on such elements as structure, character, theme, style, tone, and subtext. You are taking a piece of writing and trying to discover how and why it is put together the way that it is. You must adopt a viewpoint on the work in question and show how the details of the work support your viewpoint. A literary essay may be your own interpretation, based only on your reading of the piece, or it may be a mixture of your opinions and references to the criticism of others, much like a research paper. Again, be wary of plagiarism and of letting the opinions of more experienced writers swamp your own response to the work. If you are going to consult the critics, you should re-read the literary work you are discussing and make some notes on it before looking at any other opinions. The Argumentative Essay The art of argumentation is not an easy skill to acquire. Many people might think that if one simply has an opinion, one can argue it effectively, and these folks are always surprised when others dont agree with them because their logic seems so correct. Additionally, writers of argumentation often forget that their primary purpose in an argument is to win it – to sway the reader to accept their point of view. It is easy to call names, easy to ignore the point of view or research of others, and extremely easy to accept ones own opinion as gospel, even if the writer has not checked his or her premise in a couple of years, or, as is the case for many young writers, never questioned the beliefs inherited from others. Want to know what you think about something? Then write an argumentative essay. To be fair, however, youll find that one of the first things you must do is become an expert on the issue. When you pick a topic, you should avoid writing about issues that cannot be won, no matter how strongly you might feel about them. The five hottest topics of our time seem to be gun control, abortion, capital punishment, freedom of speech, and probably the most recent, euthanasia, or the right to die. If possible, avoid writing about these topics because they are either impossible to win, or because your instructor is probably sick of reading about them and knows all the pros and cons by heart (this could put you at a serious disadvantage). If you have difficulty picking a decent topic for your essay, feel free to check out our list of good argumentative essay topics. Either way, the topics may be some fine reading material, because most people are somewhat aware of the problems and can then concentrate on understanding the method of argument itself. But care should be taken; if you read one side, you also read the other. Far too many individuals only read the side that they already believe in. These issues cannot be won for good reason: each touches on matters of faith and beliefs that for many people are unsha kable and deeply private. The Cause and Effect Essay The cause and effect essay includes some elements of writing that might be considered more professional than those a descriptive or narrative essay might include. It is very important, for instance, that your tone be reasonable, and that your presentation be factual and believable. Sources are often required in a cause/effect paper, and your choice of these sources is important as they reflect on the validity of your paper. Additionally, the first-person point of view does not work; you should sound objective and impartial. Consider the following sentences: I believe that gun control measures should be taken in every hamlet in America. Gun control measures should be taken in every hamlet in America. In the first sentence, the first person is used. This would work in a narrative, but here it actually limits the meaning of the sentence to just the writer, and it makes the writer sound weak – as if he were justifying himself or herself. The second sentence is much more forceful. It makes a statement and does not limit itself to just what the writer believes. The purpose of a cause and effect paper is to be as convincing as possible, and to convince readers to accept the cause/effect as fact. The Comparison and Contrast Essays The main purpose and function of compare and contrast essays is obvious – to find similarities and dissimilarities between two or more objects or things. This kind of writing requires the writer to be an observer; in most cases it doesn’t require scholarly research or any specific referencing. Such essays are mostly subjective in nature, and writers are required to come up with differences or similarities they are able to point out and analyze. There are different compare and contrast patterns for these essays, yet the overall essay structure remains invariable: there should be an introduction, a few body paragraphs and a conclusion. While working on your compare and contrast essay, don’t forget to use the so-called cue words. These words help you to tie paragraphs together by means of small logical connectors. For example, you can use words like: on the one hand/on the other hand, this is such/in contrast, however, like, as well, too, unlike, though, but etc. These words will pull your essay together and will make it hold better. Check out an article that covers our compare and contrast essays in detail – and good luck with your writing! Expository Essay Sample The Internet and Society Modern society has undergone radical development in the last 20 years. Computers were once just a means to solve mathematical equations. Rapid advances in technology have altered the way in which people interact with computers, as well as the functionality of these smart machines. With the advent of a worldwide and nearly universally accessible web, the way in which we interact with each other has changed drastically. People from all over the world can instantaneously exchange both business and personal information. Internet commerce has become a huge part of the daily lives of millions, as well as social networking and streaming media. Most recently, portable electronics capable of nearly all internet-related tasks have become a common possession for the average middle-aged American. The unlimited free exchange of information has changed, and is continuing to change, in very profound way, society at large. â€Å"The internet is probably most famous for the ability to spread information, fact or fiction.†(Nikolovska, 2007) Despite the many positive influences the internet has had on our society, one cannot ignore the negative repercussions. Many vendors have become faceless, and the examination of goods prior to purchase has been reduced to pictures. While there are many reputable online stores, there are those with less ethical aims. People must be wary of any and all information sharing and purchases conducted online, to avoid the transfer of funds or personal data to unscrupulous entities. Likewise, information obtained via the internet needs to be scrutinized in order to determine accuracy. According to the 2010 U.S. Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator Annual Report on Intellectual Property Enforcement â€Å"The digital environment†¦ presents enormous challenges to businesses, consumers, governments, citizens, communities, and families, particularly as new tec hnologies and platforms disrupt traditional business models, means of governance and modes of private communication and expression† In essence, the Internet has begun to change nearly every aspect of our lives and shows no signs of stopping. Personal safety threats related to the popularity of social networks, especially amongst the youngsters, is another huge Internet-related issue. â€Å"They are taking us somewhere exciting, but we have to work out how we deal with the fading boundaries these tools have left in their wake, and that means rewriting our social rules as we go along†(Hoover, 2009). With the human race being a social specie by nature, it was inevitable that new advanced methods of communication would eventually be developed. The Internet has revolutionized interpersonal communication since its inception with advances such as email and instant messaging. More recently, websites devoted entirely to communication have emerged. The most popular example of such social networks is Facebook. Members of various social networks input personal data, upload photographs, and personalize many aspects of their own unique pages within the site. They may then connect and share this information with as many people as they desire. The social networks have gained such popularity that one is nearly certain to find their friends and co-workers via online means. implications are unforeseeable. A world in which all people may communicate openly with one another, regardless of the physical distance between them, was once no more than a very tempting idea, but is now the norm. The world is very much analogous to an organism, and to quote a fictional doctor: â€Å"All organisms evolve and develop along patterns only recognized in retrospect.†

Language Settings and Social Classes in Blood Brothers :: Blood Brothers Willy Russell Social Class Essays

Mickeys first line in the scene is "mother are you going to open the bleeding door or what" he is only seven and is swearing already which indicates that he could have had a rough upbringing and we already know that the mother is not very well off. The mother replies "Mickey?" questioning who it is Mickey then replies "whats up mam did you think I was the rent man." the mother is obviously avoiding the rent man due to financial struggle. He explains how he has been playing cow boys and Indians which shows he must not have many tows and has learnt to use his imagination. His mother asks where had he been playing "not down the rough end I hope" which shows she doesn't consider herself to be of a lower class. he tells her he was up near the big houses she tells him how she doesn't like him up there but she doesn't give him a reason he questions her and she tells him to shut up which is a lower class word (lower standard English) then they goon to talk about how his mum used to work up there and she cuts the conversation short as if she doesn't want to talk about it. Mickey then goes back out and starts to play again then Mickey breaks in rhyme The poem is indicating that he wants to be just like his brother he looks to him like the farther he never had. The way he says the poem seems like he actually wants to be able to spit in someone's eye form 20 yards he thinks its acceptable and it seems like Sammy has been practicing. Sammy has a den which shows he could be escaping the reality of his life. Sammy draws pornographic pictures of ladies in the swimming pool which shows he is aware of sex and the male and female anatomy. Mickey swears in the poem "bleeding" again is the typical language because of his class and the area he is living in. at the end he shoots an imaginary Sammy which could show signs of jealousy or he could just be shooting Sammy as the unfairness. The fact that in the poem Mickey mentions how Sammy is allowed to play with matches and goes to bed late which shows that there mother doesn't really have control over what her children do. All the things Sammy did seemed acceptable by the young people in the working class area. Act 2 scene 2 Eddie approaches Mickey first in the scene confident and forth coming and says "hellow" the w is elongating the vowel so he is using

NLP

Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) is a way of organizing and understanding the structure of subjective experience and is concerned with the ways in which people process information but not necessarily with the specific content of that information. Information is processed primarily in three modes: visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. The sensory modalities used in a given task and their sequence are critical to the performance of that task. Persons who are extremely skilled at a task will have radically different processing sequences than those who perform poorly on that same task. Understanding the structure by which the skilled person processes information, through the observation of eye scanning patterns and linguistic patterns, allows programs (similar to computer programs) to be codified, which can be taught to other persons (Andreas, 1996). Developed in 1975 by Richard Bandler, a mathematician, and John Grinder, a linguist, NLP has been clinically demonstrated as a powerful technology for engendering change. From their studies Bandler and Grinder developed skills of modeling that allow one person to identify in a specific fashion the structural elements of another's behavior and to teach that structure to yet a third person (Andreas, 1996). Gregory Bateson postulated four logical levels of learning. The first level is the level of content, and this is the level at which most people spend their lives. Here one learns how to tie one's shoes, cook a meal, drive a car, and so on. Some people become acquainted with second-level learning: the learning of context, or learning how to learn. People who operate at the second logical level of learning may rapidly learn any new content-specific area, because they are capable of moving through the learning process in an efficient, effective manner. In rare cases, persons may rise to the third logical level of learning, the learning of how to learn context. In this case one is operating at a level of contextual pattern recognition; one is able to easily identify and operate on the structure of any experience. It is at this level that Bandler and Grinder operate when they are modeling (or teaching modeling to) some one. Bateson reserved his fourth class of learning for those accomplished persons like yogis and Zen masters. One NLP technique is anchoring which is used to describe a process by which memory and its responses become associated with some stimulus. This happens when the anchor leads by reflex to the anchored response occurring. The stimulus can be neutral or out of conscious awareness. The response may be either negative or positive. Anchors are similar to classical conditioning (Ready, 2004). The process of disrupting a pattern of thought from one that leads to an unwanted behavior to one that leads to a desired behavior is known as swishing. Another process is reframing in which an element of communication is presented so as to shift an individual’s perception of the meanings associated with words. Reframing is defined as a process where an element of communication is presented to shift the individual’s perception of meanings or frames. A six-step reframe distinguishes between an underlying intention and consequent behavior to achieve intentions by different and successful behavior. Ecology is concerned with the relationship between a client and their environments. It also is concerned how a proposed goal or change might relate to their relationships and their environment (Ready, 2004). NLP offers many methods for getting rid of addictions. An effective technique is called the â€Å"swish† pattern. Using this method, a person’s unconscious will automatically use negative, addiction producing mental pictures, to create relaxing mental pictures. Addictions can be cured in NLP because it is a form of ‘near waking state' hypnosis. In NLP we can ‘adjust' our internal sensory representations making them more powerful. NLP also helps us to model good behavior. Anchoring is a powerful method of fighting addictions. In this especially one takes the long, deep breath and to touch the tongue to the roof of the mouth at the same time. This sets up a connection between the sensorised mental icon and the physical act of touching the roof of your mouth with the tongue as well as taking that deep breath (Lankton, 2004). In NLP it is recognized that human beings all code time in different ways. Each person has his own mental timelines. The past is represented in some right-handers represent at some point way towards their left. It is possible to use NLP techniques to manipulate internal sensory representations. Negative internal sensory representations like addictions. Addictions can also be removed by being moved further back into the past along the timeline. This helps change the present and future mindset of the client in relation to the original internal sensory representation. This results in past traumas being reduced. Addictions can be treated by providing the customer with a response option that is more powerful, accessible and immediate than the drug itself. Another method is the compulsion blow-out which solves cravings. Another method is the guilt resolution process which is used for clean up of motivations and secondary gain (Lankton, 2004). One of the most successful methods is the six step reframe which works by using assistance from the unconscious mind. The process has been criticized for fragmenting the personality (Sterman, 2004). This approach reaches down to access a level of experience that is helpful to redirect conscious and unconscious energies in a central direction. If a positive experience is structured it will compete successfully against a problem state. The competing experiences must have value and indicate towards a better positive future. The brain consists of a maze of circuits. Positive and negative affect are mutually dependant on each other. In order for a positive affect to have maximum effect, it must be developed for dealing with a problem. A crucial program is the process of anchoring. Participants are taught to anchor states that are without content. During the process of creating and anchoring the state all types of contextual information is reduced. In recent years science has given us insight on the problems of addiction and substance abuse. These researches have discovered a close relationship between drug addictions, behavioral addictions, compulsions and more normal patterns of reward and motivation. Drug and behavioral addictions are problems related to craving. The mechanism of craving is mediated by neurons in the midbrain that produce dopamine on to be placed on a trance. NLP is a great technique to fight addictions and behavior. There are many examples of NLP helping out people suffering from substance abuse and addictions. References: Andreas, Steve (1996). NLP: The New Technology of Achievement. US: Harper Paperbacks. Ready, Romilla (2004). Neuro-Linguistic Programming for Dummies. US: For Dummies . Lankton, Stephen R. (2004). Practical Magic:: A Translation of Basic Neuro-Linguistic Programming Into Clinical Psychotherapy . US: Crown House Publishing. Sterman, Chelly M., Ed. (2004). Neuro-Linguistic Programming in Alcoholism Treatment. US: Haworth Press.